Groundwater (GW) quality is a critical factor for its use in drinking and irrigation purpose and has become a signifcant concern in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Tis study aims to conduct an in-depth hydrogeochemical characterization and assess the suitability of GW for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Water samples were collected randomly from 42 tube wells and analyzed for 10 water quality parameters, along with 3 metallic pollutants, to evaluate their hydrogeochemical properties. Te results of various analyses indicated that the relative concentrations of major ions follow the order: Ca2+> Na+> Mg2+>K+andHCO3 −>Cl−>SO4 2−.PrincipalcomponentanalysissuggeststhatthehydrogeochemistryoftheGWinthestudy area is primarily infuenced by both geogenic processes (such as weathering and leaching of host rocks) and anthropogenic activities (including the use of agrochemicals, sewage sludge, and municipal solid waste disposal). Te water quality index indicated that approximately 38% of the water sources were classifed as good, 28% as poor, 10% as very poor, and the remaining 24% were unsuitable for drinking purposes. Te Piper diagram reveals that the predominant GW types were Ca2+ HCO3 −(80%)andCa2+-Na+-HCO3 −(20%).Anotablefndingfromthisanalysiswasthatbasaltweathering—viasurface runof into aquifers—was the dominant process contributing to GW mineralization, along with silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, and ion exchange. Additionally, agricultural practices have a signifcant impact on the mineralization process. Te hazard index indicates that approximately 40.5% of adults and 90.48% of children were exposed to high noncarcinogenic risks due to the use of contaminated water. Alarmingly, both adults and children were facing signifcant carcinogenic risks from the same exposure. According to the irrigation water quality index, parameters such as total hardness, Kelly’s ratio, and sodium adsorption ratio indicate that approximately 50% of the water sources were unsuitable for irrigation. Terefore, based on these fndings, Magura Sadar Upazila requires targeted spatial management to ensure a safe drinking water supply and promote sustainable agricultural practices.